Obesity and its many health concerns Research Paper

Obesity and its many health concerns - Research Paper Example This was owing to the alarming increase in the number of people suffering from this problem as well as the serious health risks that an individual is exposed to owing to this health condition. Obesity is a life hampering condition which tends to affect the living of an individual and this issue needs to be dealt with in the best possible manner to control the rise in the number of people suffering from this problem (McCambridge 2006). . The statistics of obesity have been increasing at a very fast pace in the United States of America. The situation has become very grave owing to the fact that it has been analyzed that United States has the highest rates of obesity in comparison to the other countries across the globe. In the year 2010, it was seen that one out of every five people in the United States suffered from the problem of increased weight. This showed a substantial increase in comparison to the year 1991 when one out of every eight individuals had weight above the normal limi ts. Furthermore, it has been highlighted that the rate of obesity has increased by more than three times in comparison to the year 1961. Dr. ... According to the similar report the number of adults who have weight above normal limits and are obese ranges to about 130 million (Bass III 2011; Huber 2010; McCambridge 2006). It has been highlighted that obesity is a pathological condition that poses many risks for the human health. The Department of Health and Human Services indicated the fact that the obese individuals laid a greater burden on the healthcare system of the country and hundred billion dollars have to be diverted every year towards the healthcare costs on the obese individuals. It has also been analyzed that obesity related pathologies are responsible for the death of 300,000 people in the United States (Bass III 2011; Huber 2010). The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention have set standards to check for the individuals who suffer from obesity. The Body Mass Index is the widely used calculation for checking obesity. This index utilizes the height and the weight of the person to calculate the results of the amo unt of fat present in a person’s body. The result is compared with a standard chart which has the different BMI values according to the sex and the age of the individuals. This indicates the fact that the BMI values differ from one person to owing to different BMI values for different ages and sexes. The CDC has laid guidelines that all individuals who have a BMI ranging from 25 to 29.9 suffer from increased weight and those individuals who have a BMI above 30 suffer from obesity (Bass III 2011; McCambridge 2006). There has been great emphasis laid upon childhood obesity and obesity amongst the younger age groups. This is owing to the fact that forty percent of

International Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

International Marketing - Essay Example Another benefit of a quality outsourced customer care is the ability to provide flexibility. Outsourcing offers most companies an opportunity to diversify when they decide to break down most of their operations and having both internal and external ways to operate. Q. 2. The main advantages of licensing as a market entry strategy according to Cateora, Gilly and Graham (2011) include: provision of supplementary profitability with an early diminutive investment, brand recognition, provision of a way of circumnavigating extra charges, attractive return-on-investment rates and finally low implementation costs. The main disadvantages of licensing include: competition, inadequate participation resulting to lack of control and the likelihood of loss in returns. Examples of companies that use licensing as their market entry strategy include Disney Consumer Products and Phillips-Van Heusen. Q. 3. According to Keegan (2002), global strategic partnership involves participants who remain autonom ous after formation of the association, share profits of the association as well as control over performance of assigned responsibilities and lastly the participants involve in making continued contributions in products, expertise and other key strategic areas. Global strategic partnerships differ from joint venture since entry strategy for a joint venture involves a single target country whereby associates end up dividing the ownership of a newly created business entity. Global strategic partnerships involve collaborative agreements with more than one target country. Part 2 Marketing Plan Atek’s mission is to base everything that they do on quality that cannot be surpassed in the industry, manufacture complex medical devices, launch new products with expertise and providing experiences and resources that contain value. This is achieved with one goal in mind, which is to improve in the core areas important to consumers. The main marketing objectives for Atek are: to help impr ove the speed of speed-to-market, product performance, and profitability in an atmosphere of high quality. This is achieved by launching millions of devices in the market that are aimed at satisfying each consumer’s specific needs so as to optimize the manufacturing process. The objectives are also accomplished by providing support that meets the consumers’ requirements. Atek’s short term plan is to be the premier manufacturer and distributor in their market country which is the U.S. According to Wind & Douglas (1974), it would be relatively easier to market a new product to a target audience in the U.S relatively than in other diversified locales if the manufacturing company is U.S. based. This is influence by factors like consumer awareness, target audience and product information. The criteria used in selecting the U.S. as a viable target market for this product was the size of the market. This market has diversity in both cultural and racial demographics hen ce making it a suitable market. Access to consumers was vital criteria since upon the manufacture of the devices, availing them to the target consumers with ease would be very important to Atek. Also the way consumers relate to product launches of this kind of nature was very important when selecting the market area. The cost of market reach is weighed against the cost of potential gain and from the past studies and researches done Atek from

Health and Safety Assignment Essay Example for Free

Health and Safety Assignment Essay Question 1 The first statement is correct as lead is a highly intoxicated substance that can cause damage, especially in young children. There are many symptoms to lead poisoning which include: irritability, loss of appetite and nausea, headaches, unexplained abdominal pain, muscle aches, constipation, learning problems, short attention span, easily distracted, mental retardation and behaviour problems including aggression and impulsivity. As seen in the statement â€Å"this is disturbing because it has been well established that lead causes reduction in IQ scores, shortened concentration spans, hyperactivity and learning difficulties even when lead is present at very low levels in the blood† , it can be agreed that having lead in one’s system can cause damage to one’s concentration and learning abilities. Research has shown that raised levels of lead can lower a child’s IQ by 4-5%. see more:explain how to promote health and safety within the social care setting With regards to the second statement â€Å"painted toys with high lead levels have been found in major toy stores, as well as supermarkets, stationary stores, craft shops and craft/flea markets. These toys were both locally produced and imported†, it can be agreed on as lead can be found in many old housing and furniture pieces. It is also of great urgency that when purchasing toys and furniture from garage sales, internet, second-hand-stores etc. that one takes precautions in checking that there is not any lead as some may contain lead based paint, a simple way of knowing if it does is to buy a test kit to determine if lead based paint is present. Question 2 For a baby and toddler unit I would consider: Indoor: * Non-breakable mirrors to learn to see themselves. * Wooden cars for improving gross motor skills. * Rattles to improve their movement. * Plastic telephones to practise their speech. * Simple puzzles to improve their knowledge. * Large wooden beads to string to improve on their hand eye co-ordination. Outdoor: * Balls to improve on gross motor skills * Jungle gym to improve on their climbing abilities. For children aged 3-6 years I would consider: Indoor: * Puppets to improve on their dramatic skills. * Dress-up clothes to teach them the different type of career choices. * Art materials to improve their creative minds. * Books and puzzles to improve on their knowledge. Outdoor: * Tricycles and bikes to improve their balancing skills. * Jungle gyms to improve climbing. * Sand pits to do sensory knowledge, (touch and feel) Question 3 The way in which one would ensure that equipment which you purchased does not cause lead poisoning is by reading the labels on the purchased equipment making sure there is no lead contained in it, try prevent buying used toys and equipment from garage sales, internet, second-hand-stores as many old items may contain lead based paint. It is also advised that children go for screening to make sure no lead is present. Children are encouraged to practice regular hand washing and to keep their hands and other objects away from their mouths. Question 4 Birth – 4 months: at this stage the child eats, sleeps, cries rolls off flat surfaces and wriggles. They are hazardous to burns, falls, sharp objects and suffocation. 4 – 12 months : at this stage the child grasps and moves around as well as putting objects in their mouths. They are hazardous to burns, poisoning, falls and drowning. 1 – 2 years : at this stage the child is able to investigate, climb, open doors and takes thing apart. They are hazardous to being in contact with gates, windows and doors as they might get injured with their investigation minds, fingers might get stuck in door etc. also water is hazardous as they may drown, traffic as they now know how to walk. 2 – 3 years: at this stage the child is interested in fires, tires to do things by themselves and gets very impatient. They are hazardous to dangerous objects and burns. 3 – 6 years: at this stage the child lies to explore, climb, riding tricycles, rough games. They are hazardous to poisons and burns, falls and injuries, drowning and traffic. 6 – 10 years : at this stage the child like spending time away from home, active sports. They are hazardous to firearms, injuries from sports and drowning. Through this we can conclude that every one of these ages is vital as the developmental level can affect children’s safety and health and that they should never be left unsupervised and parents should know what to do in an emergency. Question 5 Air-borne transmission include in illnesses such as chickenpox, common cold, fifth disease, measles, mumps and tuberculosis. The measures one would take in these instances would be to identify the child with the illness and send them home, with antibiotics, the child should not be allowed to return to school until fully recovered. All these illnesses and the limitations of the spread apply to all age groups ( birth to grade 3) The faecal-oral route include cholera, rotavirus and ascariasis, can be spread through water, food and poor sewage, to limit the infection one needs to make sure water is clean, food is cooked properly and sewage is flushed away. Food only obtains to children who can eat solid foods, thus not referring to birth to 12 months. Direct and indirect include illnesses such as pinkeye, hand foot and mouth disease, cold sores, lice and ring worms. The measures one would take in these instances would be pinkeye: antibiotic treatment and sent home, continuous hand washing, hand foot and mouth disease sent home for several days and continuous hand washing. A cold sore child can stay at school but must was hands frequently. Lice, child should be sent home until lice is gone, hair must be washed with medicated shampoo. Ring worms, child should stay away from gyms, pools or activities where can be exposed and should use a fungal ointment. These limitations would all be considered to all age groups ( birth to grade 3 ) however gyms, pools etc would only obtain to the older children grade 1 – 3. Blood illnesses include AIDS and hepatitis B, the measures one would take for AIDS is excluding child of 0-5, and prevent anyone from touching the child blood, handle blood with surgical gloves, seal up blood infected items and disinfect surfaces with bleach. Hepatitis B one would also use precautions when handling blood and frequent hand wash is advised. REFERENCE: Marotz, L, 2009. Health, safety and nutrition for the young child. 76de uitgawe. Clifton park, NY: Thomason Delmar Learning

What Is Benetton Shock Advertising?

What Is Benetton Shock Advertising? Advertising is a means to communicate a product, service, or idea to a target audience. Companies use a variety of advertising forms: television, radio, newspapers, magazines, internet webpages, and word of mouth to send their message to the consumer. Companies use advertising to try to convince the target audience their product is what the consumer needs or is better than what is currently in use or is invaluable for everyday life. The focal point of most advertisements is the product that the company is trying to sell to the consumer. Advertising in the case of the Benetton Group change the way the world viewed advertising. The Benetton Group used shock advertising to promote their products. Benetton did not use their products in the advertisement, instead; they used graphic photos to grab the audiences attention. The company place their slogan and firm name United Colors of Benetton on the advertisements. The concept that Benetton was going for was to shock the audience with vivid photos that would capture the attention, good or bad. However, the company used this technique to insure that the audience remembers their name. This advertising worked. Benettons most known advertisement campaigns were: a dying AIDS patient, priest kissing nun T-shirt, a Bosnian soldier, enemies, military cemetery with Star of David, ship with refugees, HIV positive patient, gunman with bone, oil-polluted duck, and child labor. Benetton claim the campaigns derived from well-known causes that are of political or social in nature. The campaigns sparked a worldwide debate. Should a clothing manufacturer use such graphic advertising campaigns? Would there be legal ramifications? Would a profit result? The first company to employ shock advertising, The Benetton group truly shock the world with the intent to increase name recognition. The companys risk was astronomical. Would consumers, either disgusted or enthused, venture to see what Benetton was or just dismiss the advertising play? The Benetton group was counting on the shock advertising to boost their name recognition with consumers. The shock campaigns indeed created controversy throughout the world. The controversy was so great as evidenced in news articles, news television and on the internet. The Benetton group received free publicity, sparked by the debates on whether the company had the right legally or morally to use such graphic images and not the traditional advertising promoting the product that they sold. Lawsuits were filed clamming Benetton violated laws in Germany section one of the Law Against Unfair competition (Brandstaetter, ND, ¶28) along with violating human dignity. The German judge ruled that legally the advertising did not violate the law because competition can be classified by product or brand name. The German courts ruled that Benetton did not violate human dignity because photographs and pictures are one form of the expression of ones opinion (Brandstaetter,ND, ¶36). The Benetton group gained worldwide name recognition. The internet is key to many worldwide hatters of Benetton. One such blogger entitled their page Benetton A DISGRACE TO US ALL (Grimsbygal, 2001,). The blogger felt the need to voice disapproval and encourage boycotting Benettons products when shopping. Grimsbygal (the blogger) expresses that Benetton is insulting people and causing widespread offence with their shock campaign. Benetton brought wide controversy with repeating the shock campaign repeatedly. David Croth, a Brand Manager for a competing clothing brand, wanted to know what dose shock advertising has to do with clothing. Clothing products are the tamest product on the face of the planet. Do activists wear cute little tennis sets? (Brandchannel, 2003,  ¶2) Davide Giliati a graphic design student said, A company can only do so much shocking in a period of time, without boring the audience. (Brandchannel, 2003,  ¶5) Shock can bring attention to a company. However, over time the brand looks hollow if the product lacks edge, and shock is then seen as marketing puff without substance. (Brandchannel, 2003, ¶6) The Benetton Group claimed they were using social activism to base the shock campaigns. However, the risk of Benetton using activism in their campaign was alienating a large group of their target audience. Sears, Roebuck Co. stopped selling Benetton products in February 2000 because of threats of boycotts by victims rights groups. (Marketing New, 2000) Shock campaigns can bring huge public debate and brand recognition. Benetton became advertising pioneers because their social concerns were sincere and true to their core values. The question remained if such advertising could bring repeat customers. Unfortunately Benetton did not seem to take the opportunity its reputation brought to match cutting edge campaigns with cutting edge designs and so inevitably sales dropped. (Brandchannel, 2003,  ¶12) The bottom line for Benetton was that because of the controversial campaigns, their company joined the top five recognized trademarks of the world. (Brandstaetter, 1997, ¶41) Dale Lee, President of Smack Inc has stated that Benetton wasnt about cause marketing; it was about passion. Of course, you want to buy from a company with passion. That is what Toscani brought Benetton, and thats whats missing without him. (Brandchannel, 2003 ¶26) The Benetton group, in the sixties, developed a unique way to manipulate how they dye their sweaters giving them a competitive advantage. Benetton could dye their finished products to meet the changing fashion trends. Prior to this period of time, the company had to dye the unwoven fibers, taking longer to keep up with the ever changing fashion trends. The united colors concept spread from encompassing the different races to the ideas of tolerance, peace and respect for diversity. (UCB advertising presentation, nd,  ¶5) Olivero Toscani the creative mind behind Benettons shock campaigns brought to light that behind every great idea was a controversy and the world is better off because of this awareness. Art represents the edge and of course the edge cab makes people feel uncomfortable. But its also a matter of the person you are talking to: personally, I think the rain is uncomfortable. But try making that argument to a fish. Toscani (AdAge Global, 2001,  ¶12) Toscani states that sometimes advertising is art, but art is always advertising. (AdAge Global, 2001,  ¶16) Toscani comments that agencies get huge budges, but the money is wasted because the strategies are decided upon by managers, economists, accountants, and focus groups not the artists. In the past, patrons had the sense to tell Michelangelo what they wanted and they left it to him to decide how to do it. But it doesnt work that way anymore. Everyone thinks he can be an artist or at least tell the artist what he should do. (AdAge Global, 2001,  ¶21) I could agree and disagree with the way Benetton chose to advertise, however, my opinion is irrelevant because there will always be someone who will chose the opposite. Art, journalism, and advertising can in one form or another cross each others realm and should not make any one right or wrong. Art, journalism, and advertising are all born from a creative notion and expressed differently to meet the individual need. If an artist sees two women, kissing the artist might be inspired to paint a picture of the romantic act. If a journalist had seen the two same women kissing, would they be inspired to write about the women, maybe in the sixties when two women kissing had been taboo. Lastly, if an advertiser had seen the same two women kissing could the images inspire an advertising rationale of sex sells. Toscani makes two powerful points about logos the Renaissance was just advertising for the Vatican, and the cross is the most effective logo of its time and even the swastika was a logo, a powerful logo. (AdAge Global, 2001,  ¶17) Who has the right to chose what is right or wrong with Benettons advertising choices? No one, everyone has the right to agree or disagree with campaign tactics. The one thing nobody can deny is that the ads worked. When Toscani left Benetton, annual sales were more than twenty times greater than when they were when he arrived. (AdAge Global, 2001,  ¶14) The success of shock advertising for the Benetton group opened the doorway for other companies to use similar types of advertising campaigns. Nonprofit organizations have adopted versions of shock advertising, because nonprofit organizations have to compete with corporations that typically have larger advertising budgets to work with. Nonprofit organizations stand to benefit more from the viral effect these ads create. (Shock Advertising, 2009,  ¶1) The anti-smoking campaigns use strong but to the point methods like a photo on the back of a bus with a persons face with the mouth over the exhaust pipe representing exhaling a cigarette with the simple phrase that says Ready to quit? (Shock Advertising, 2009,  ¶2) Anti-smoking advertisements do not stop there they also have two different commercial, one where they are cutting a brain open to show an aneurism and the second where they have an artery and someone is squeezing buildup out of it. These advertisements may be considered gr oss but the ads communicate their point that smoking has many health risks. The campaign to stop drinking and driving uses shock advertising, they show a picture of a mangled car with a tarp covering a body beside the mangled car on a blood stained road, to point out the fact that drinking and driving can kill. During prom season many chapters of the stop DWI chapter will employee the assistance of high schools to allow them to put a mangled car in front of the school with a sign that says drink plus driving equals, implying the mangled car. Shock advertising pushes ethical and societal boundaries by publicizing images and ideas that are often culturally taboo or inappropriate. (Shock Advertising, 2009,  ¶5) In the case of two similar advertisements the first is a man and women in bed about to have unprotected sex, one asks the other how many partner have you had. The reply is only a couple and you only a couple. The bedroom then fills up with men and women with the caption unprotected sex means you are sleeping with everyone your partner has. Such nonprofit advertisement helps stop the spread of aids and other sexually transmitted diseases that requires the use of protection. The second was similar but contained two men with a similar outcome with the caption without a condom, this, along with AIDS, is who you make love with. Protect yourself. (Shock Advertising, 2009,  ¶8) Major corporations use Shock advertising in their training videos. Mc Donalds in the late eighties showed a training video of a young person losing a ring in to the deep fryer and reaching in to the fryer to retrieve the jewelry. Mead Westvaco has used videos with real people, one person reached in to a running machine and loosing fingers, another was changing a battery on a reach truck without safety equipment and having a battery explode covering the person in acid. Automobile manufacturers have used forms of shock advertising, taking an automobile and simulating a crash with crash test dummies crashing through the windshield, stating do not be a dummy buckle up, seatbelts save lives. Victoria Secrete had controversy with their television advertisements. Most women found that in a womens magazine the advertisements were fine. However, when the first Victoria Secrete advertisement aired on the television many married women were appalled that their husbands could see sexy models in slinky lingerie creating controversy. However, like with all shock advertisements the shock fades and the controversy either becomes part of everyday normality or goes away. Greenpeace has used a fun form of shock advertising in their stores. With every purchase made the customer receives a bag with an endangered animal on it with a hand reaching up to the handle holes so when the bag is carried the appearance is that the endangered animal is holding their hand. The caption on the bag says, Give me your hand, Greenpeace. (Shock Advertising, 2009) Advertisers strive to meet the demand of their customers with shock advertising like the anti-smoking advertisements and Greenpeace, and traditional advertising. However, advertisers will never meet the demand of every demographic, the best they can do is hope they send the message through to a specific target audience. The creation of shock advertising by the Benetton group created by Olivero Toscani lasted eightteen years when Benetton and Toscani parted ways. The reason for the separation is not clear, because neither Benetton nor would Toscani comment. The speculation was because of the controversy surrounding Toscanis Death Row campaign. The state of Missouri sued Toscani and Benetton for misrepresenting themselves while interviewing four death row inmates in that state. (AdAge Global, 2001,  ¶4) Toscani wife commented after so many years, the decision was mutual she also said it had nothing to do with the death penalty campaign. (Marketing New, 2000,  ¶2) Benettons choice to drop shock advertising has caused a decline in sales. However, there really is no way to tell if the decrease in sales is because of the change in choice of advertising. Benetton could never replace Toscani and if they had continued the shock campaigns, the company still would not be the same. Benettons choice might be beneficial for them in the long- run as long as they invest in their products.

focus :: essays research papers

ok I'm an "A" Plan brat myself. My dad's been there for 34 years now! : ) I got my fully loaded 2001 Twilight Blue ZTS, not including Advance-Trac or moonroof (DAMN IT!!!) for $15,000 plus tax, tags, extended warranty and the Protection package costs. Came out to around mid-16,000. I don't think I did too bad. That's with very questionable credit and a 9.8% interest rate and no downpayment. My first BRAND NEW car. hahahaha I think I did alright, though I know I got screwed on the final cost. Oh yeah, I got a 3 year lease too. I got the 5 year/60,000 mile warranty.2001 ZX3, 5-speed. Power package, premium package, moonroof. Listed for $15,200 and bought it for $13,900. $12,900 after the rebate. I've owned it for a month, have 1,600 miles, averaging about 29 mpg, with no probs! Love my ZX3 Mine was about $16,700 and I didn't have any money for a down payment. This was the S2 edition though which has the european tuned suspension, spoiler, and moonroof, it had the 6 disk in dash cd player also, but i took that out and put in my tv. I got my 2000 SE Sedan for $14,400. It had all options minus auto, ABS, side airbags, and leather. I really wanted the ABS and side airbags but wasn't going to wait to have one special ordered - I had already been to 5 dealerships that day and was pretty exited to find one so close to what I wanted. V, when dealing for the car, they are going to be playing tricks on you to make it seem like they can't go any lower. When they say "I have to go check this out with my manager", make it look like you are unconcerned and have all day - pull out your gameboy or palm pilot and start playing games. Make sure they know that you know what you are talking about, and that the car you are dealing for is a compromise, not the one car you have spent your whole life looking for. If the car has been on the lot for a while, then it's taking up valueable space and they need to get rid of it. If it just got on the lot, then if they sell it right away the holdback they get from Ford is pure profit. One other thing I found is that there is an airplane club up in Wisconsin or Minnesota or something that costs 20 or 30 bucks to join but members get X-Plan pricing from Ford.

Cfcs Cause Deterioration Of The Ozone Layer :: essays research papers fc

Cfcs Cause Deterioration of the Ozone Layer   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The deterioration of the ozone layer , caused by Cfcs, endangers the lives of humans'. Cfcs have a diminishing effect on the ozone layer. Furthermore, the deterioration of the ozone cause an increase of Ultraviolet (UV) radiation which can have a negative effect on human skin and eyes. As a writer for newsweek, I have investigated the scenario and found the following information.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The earth's atmosphere is a blanket of air that surrounds the planet. This atmospheric air is made up of many different gases, 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, and 1% of a dozen or more other gases like carbon dioxide, helium, and ozone.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This atmosphere extends many miles out from the earth's surface. However, this layer is not a uniform layer, from top to bottom. As one moves out from the planet's surface the atmosphere becomes progressively dense. This atmosphere can be divide into four major regions.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The first region is the troposphere which extends about 6.5 miles above the planet's surface. The troposphere contains the oxygen that we breath and is where a majority of our weather takes place.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Beyond the troposphere is the second region of the atmosphere, the stratosphere. The stratosphere extends from roughly 6.5-30 miles from the earth's' surface. The air on this region is much less dense than in the troposphere, and it's a lot drier. The stratosphere is the area that contains the majority of the ozone layer.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Past the stratosphere is the mesosphere which extends to 50 miles above the planet. The last region is the thermosphere. The thermosphere's outermost edge is roughly 600 miles above the surface of the earth. Beyond it, the airless vacuum of space begins.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Oxygen is made up of two oxygen atoms that are bonded together. In the periodic table it is represented by O2.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Like oxygen, ozone is a gas that is made up of oxygen atoms. However, a molecule of ozone is made up of three atoms of oxygen bonded together, therefore, O3, represents ozone. The ozone makes up only .01% of the atmosphere. Furthermore, 90% of the ozone is found in the stratosphere. It is concentrated in a layer between 7 and 22 miles above the earth's surface.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The massive depth of the ozone in the stratosphere would lead you to believe that it is very thick, it is not. If it were condensed, the ozone layer would only be a few millimeters thick (Rowland and Molina 1994. p.23).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The ozone is made in the stratosphere. It is continuously being formed, broken down, and reformed, over and over again. Furthermore, the three key

Sentence Completion Tests

SENTENCE COMPLETION TEST: INTRODUCTION: Herman Von Ebbinghaus is generally credited with developing the first sentence completion test in 1897 . Sentence completion tests are a class of semi-structured projective techniques. A sentence completion test form may be relatively short, such as those used to assess responses to advertisements, or much longer, such as those used to assess personality. A long sentence completion test is the Forer Sentence Completion Test, which has 100 stems. The responses are believed to provide indications of attitudes, beliefs, motivations, or other mental states.There is debate over whether or not sentence completion tests elicit responses from conscious thought rather than unconscious states. This debate would affect whether sentence completion tests can be strictly categorized as projective tests. In recent decades, sentence completion tests have increased in usage, in part because they are easy to develop and easy to administer. Another reason for the increased usage of sentence completion tests are because they uncover conflicted attitudes.The uses of sentence completion tests include personality analysis, clinical applications, attitude assessment, achievement motivation, and measurement of other constructs. They are used in several disciplines, including psychology, management, education, and marketing. Sentence completion measures have also been incorporated into non-projective applications, such as intelligence tests, language comprehension, and language and cognitive development tests DESCRIPTION OF THE TEST: Sacks sentence completion test is a semi structured test consisting of 60 incomplete phrases/sentences, ex. my mother’ or when I see the boss coming, I ‘ The test typically provide respondents with beginnings of sentences, referred to as â€Å"stems,† and respondents then complete the sentences in ways that are meaningful to them. As a semi -structured test , it is expected to provide valuable info rmation about subject’s interpersonal relations with others as well as attitude towards self and others. ADMINISTRATION AND INSTRUCTIONS : The subject was invited into a room free of noise and disturbance and was made to sit comfortably.The test instructions and purpose of the test were explained and all her anxieties and questions regarding test were clarifies before administering the test. The instructions for the test have been printed on the answer sheet which was provided to the subject. The instructions include: â€Å"You will find below a number of incomplete sentences. Write quickly in the blank space the first idea that comes to your mind to complete each statement. Answer rapidly†. SCORING: The questions in the questionnaire are divided into four areas such as family areas, sex area, interpersonal relationships and self concept.Each main area is again further sub divided , basing on the attitude towards certain people like attitude towards father, mother, fam ily etc. and fears etc. The different questions in the questionnaire have been related to one of the main areas. Each questions was then analyzed qualitatively and a positive or negative attitude was recorded and interpreted. INTERPRETATION: 1)Attitude towards family: The person’s profile indicates that she has relatively positive and good attitude towards her mother whereas relatively negative attitude towards her father.She wants her father to be a little more caring and responsible. Her attitude towards the family is also positive. 2)attitude towards sex: The person has a positive attitude towards women in general and towards heterosexual relationships. 3) Interpersonal relationships: She has a slightly negative attitude towards superiors at work place and school. She knows her responsibilities and has a caring attitude towards the people at work. The person has good interpersonal relationships with colleagues or friends at work or school. The person was also found to have many fears. She has a fear of driving, spirits, and heights.At times she is even compelled to do against her wishes because of the fear associated. 4)self concept: The person is also guilty of some mistakes in the past for which she feels responsible . She has a positive attitude and belief towards her abilities. She has a good positive attitude and hope for the future. She wants to prove herself in future. OVERALL THE PRESON HAS A POSITIVE ATTITUDE TOWARD FAMILY EXCEPT TOWARDS HER FATHER AND HAS A POSTIVE ATTITUDE TOWARDS LIFE AND SELF AND HER FUTURE FAMILY COUSELING IN THE SPECIFIC AREA MAY HELP HER TO PERFORM BETTER IN HER FUTURE.