Management and Cost Accounting for Leadership- myassignmenthelp

Question: Examine about theManagement and Cost Accounting for Leadership. Answer: The foundation of Woolworths can be expressed as it is the longest general store chain from Australia. Working in excess of 1990 stores all over Australia, the organization maintains its business through 11,500 colleagues with dissemination focuses, stores and the help workplaces for giving the clients wide scope of administrations, accommodation, worth and predominant administrations. As it falls under the most imaginative Australian retailers, the organization is very much aware about the way that the clients consistently search for basic and new path for transportation and as needs be furnish the clients with agreeable experience of shopping (Woolworths.com.au 2017). The organization perceives the cost initiative methodology as the activity set for conveying or creating the administrations or merchandise at limited expense when contrasted with the contenders alongside different worthy highlights to the clients. To get most extreme yield at the limited cost, the organization created deal up/costs down methodology for most recent couple of years that were intended to decrease cost related to creation and Woolworths effectively applied the procedures to bring down their costs (Mortimer and Ingersoll 2015). Taking a gander at the budget summary of the organization, it tends to be distinguished that the expense of products sold of the organization is straightforwardly related with the expansion or decline in the business level. Nonetheless, the expense of doing the business for the year 2016 is higher when contrasted with the business level as it came to $ 13,074.5 million when contrasted with $ 12,702.4 million out of 2014. Taking a gander at the lea se costs it is distinguished that the lease of the organization is in expanding pattern and from $ 1898.70 million of every 2014 it went up to $ 2033.9 million of every 2016. Notwithstanding, the organization had the option to make installment of its obtaining during the year that diminished the fund cost of the organization during 2016 to $ 207.7 million from $ 218.9 million of every 2014 (Woolworths.com.au 2017). The cost administration approach is utilized by the organization for cost decrease as to the working cost like in the nick of time approach. This methodology is utilized for dealing with the items in the gracefully chain for decreasing the wastage cost and capacity cost through creation the products accessible to the retailers precisely when they require the merchandise. To execute the technique proficiently the organization is required to actualize the cost renewal approach productively for determining the normal interest for the future time frame. The advantages of this methodology will diminish in general expense through removing the capacity cost and wastages and expanding the edge of benefit (Klein 2017). In any case, the essential difficulties that the organization faces here is the long scope of separation among providers and stores as the providers of Woolworth is dispersed all over Australia. Aside from this, the capacity costs are relied upon to rise if the arrangement of e xpectation gives horrible showing (Fernie and Sparks 2014). There are different social advantages and worth augmentations through limiting the losses as it convey the normal chances to the networks and the cost estimate and financial plan of the organization can be set up as follows Specifics 2017-18 ($ m) 2018-19 ($ m) 2019-20 ($ m) Planned deals 39,000.00 40,950.00 42,997.50 Less: cost of merchandise sold 30,030.00 31,941.00 32,248.13 Net benefit 8,970.00 9,009.00 10,749.38 Costs Devaluation on fixed resource 170.00 182.00 178.00 Amortization of elusive resources 25.00 28.00 32.00 Worker compensation and the on-cost costs 4,200.00 4,700.00 4,600.00 Superannuation costs 720.00 610.00 680.00 Costs towards share-based installments 120.00 110.00 90.00 Least rent installments 1,200.00 900.00 1,400.00 Other working costs 400.00 670.00 320.00 Complete Expenses 6,835.00 7,200.00 7,300.00 Net benefit before intrigue and assessment 2,135.00 1,809.00 3,449.38 Less: intrigue costs 560.00 410.00 730.00 Net benefit before charge 1,575.00 1,399.00 2,719.38 Less: Tax costs 614.25 517.63 1,087.75 Benefit after expense 960.75 881.37 1,631.63 From the above financial plan, the presentation of the organization can be broke down as that the deals of the organization will increment by 5% throughout the following 3 years and the expense of divine beings sold will be 77% and 78% for the year 2018-19 and 2019-20. Be that as it may, the organization is relied upon to diminish the COGS and get it to 75% 2019-20 (Santos et al. 2015). Further, the deterioration costs of the organization will increment during 2018-19 when contrasted with 2017-18 as the organization is hoping to buy another machine for the industrial facility. The amortization costs will be in the expanding pattern. Further, the superannuation costs of the organization are required to diminish during 2018-19 as scarcely any workers are resigning in the earlier year (Arli et al. 2013). It very well may be noted from the spending that the costs that are relied upon to increment in 2018-19 when contrasted with 2017-18 are required to be decreased by the organization dur ing 20129-20.therefore, it tends to be said that the organization will find a way to limit the cost at every possible opportunity. From the above examination it tends to be reasoned that Woolworths is one of the confided in brands in Australia in the retail area and the organization faces elevated level of rivalry owing the accessibility of the substitute items. Notwithstanding, the organization can accomplish upper hands over its rivals through contribution the items at lower cost, which is conceivable through minimization of wastages and shortening the costs, at every possible opportunity. Subsequently, the organization is prescribed to enhance the scope of items later on years. For example, Woolworths turned out to be progressively fruitful in the wake of assuming control over the alcohol store from Dan Murphy for conveying the new item run in a similar market for drawing in new clients. This was a decent system to accomplish upper hand in a develop advertise like Australian retail showcase. Alongside lessening the wastages and cost, the organization is additionally recommended to give the networks their necessities and inclinations wherein they work. Reference Arli, V., Dylke, S., Burgess, R., Campus, R. furthermore, Soldo, E., 2013. Woolworths Australia and Walmart US: Best practices in gracefully chain collaboration.Journal of Economics, Business Accountancy Ventura,16(1). Fernie, J. furthermore, Sparks, L., 2014.Logistics and retail the board: rising issues and new difficulties in the retail gracefully chain. Kogan page distributers. Klein, M., 2017. African retail darlings.Personal Finance Newsletter,2017(435), pp.14-15. Mortimer, D. also, Ingersoll, L., 2015. The effect of deregulation on business relations in the Australian retail industry.Employment Relations Record,15(2), p.43. Santos, M.D., Svensson, G., Padin, C. also, Hgevold, N.M., 2015. Corporate hazard introduction by actualizing supportable strategic policies an African case.International Journal of Logistics Economics and Globalisation,6(3), pp.223-235. Woolworths.com.au. (2017). Woolworths.com.au. [online] Available at: https://www.woolworths.com.au/[Accessed 13 Oct. 2017].

Drugs in the work place essays

Medications in the work place expositions Illicit drug use in the School and Work Place How has work proficiency changed because of illicit drug use in the sch a couool and work place? In the 1960 and 1970's, people worked extended periods to help their family. For some, these arduous hours were difficult to deal with without ingesting medications. The utilization of uppers and killjoys was then viewed as an approach to endure those long work hours. To this date, the worry of medications being utilized for work proficiency continues among grown-ups who work long late hours, teenagers with an impacted chronic drug use, and furthermore the wellbeing concerns which happen in view of the utilization of medications. There are different medications which have the impact of making the client alert or tired when taken. Valium and Ritalin are only two or three instances of the professionally prescribed medications orally taken for explicit impacts. In the early-mid twentieth century, people stayed at work longer than required, or even three or four employments, just to overcome life. They got back home late around evening time and needed to wake promptly the following morning to do everything once more. Due to the absence of rest, they took uppers in the first part of the day to be caution and killjoys around evening time to get rest. It would be ideal if you observe that they likewise drank espresso for the duration of the day alongside the utilization of these medications. The grown-ups who had youngsters during this time enormously impacted them with seeing their illicit drug use. The grown-up's pill taking attracted forward an anomaly their youngsters. They thought about what the pills do to make their folks take them each and every day. At a certain point, the youngsters' advantage developed so enormously as to make them need to attempt the medications. So the kids, particularly adolescents, started stealing a few uppers and downersout of sheer enthusiasm to try different things with them. The medications appeared to be cool for the adolescents and their taking of them expanded extraordinarily. They at that point began ingesting the medications to class due to a developed dependence on them. Different adolescents were moreover ... <!

Blog Archive Dartmouth College (Tuck) Essay Analysis, 20142015

Blog Archive Dartmouth College (Tuck) Essay Analysis, 2014â€"2015 *Please note: You are viewing an essay analysis from the 2014-2015 admissions cycle.  Click here to view our collection of essay analyses for the current admissions season.   Following what seems to be an emerging trend this season, the Tuck School of Business at Dartmouth College has decreased the number of required applications essays this year from (an already fairly minimal) three to just two 500-word submissions, one of which is a classic career statement, while the other asks candidates to share and reflect on a significant leadership experience. Having just 1,000 words with which to convey meaningful elements of their profile means that applicants will need to be especially judicious in choosing their messages and particularly efficient in their writing to get the most impact from these two rather circumscribed essays. As always, we recommend a thorough brainstorming session before you put pen to paper (or fingers to keyboard) so that your messages are clear, complete and fully on topic. Please respond fully but concisely to the following essay questions. There are no right or wrong answers. We encourage applicants to limit the length of their responses to 500 words for each essay. Please double-space your responses. 1. Why is an MBA a critical next step toward your short- and long-term career goals? Why is Tuck the best MBA fit for you and your goals and why are you the best fit for Tuck? Because personal statements are similar from one application to the next, we have produced the mbaMission Personal Statement Guide, which helps applicants write this style of essay for any school. We offer this guide to candidates free of charge. Please feel free to download your copy today. For a thorough exploration of Dartmouth Tuck’s academic program, merits, defining characteristics, crucial statistics, social life, academic environment and more, please check out the mbaMission Insider’s Guide to the Tuck School of Business. 2. Tell us about your most meaningful leadership experience and what role you played. What did you learn about your own individual strengths and weaknesses through this experience? In an interesting divergence from last year’s version of this essay prompt, Tuck has removed the adjective “collaborative” from where it appeared just before “leadership,” thereby allowing this season’s candidates to select from a broader range of experiences to find the best one for this essay. For you, your most “meaningful leadership experience” may be one in which you shared power with someone else (or various people) and achieved an objective, in which case you should feel free to discuss that situation. On the other hand, your standout leadership experience may have been a more conventional one, in which you stood alone at the head of a group or team and achieved something of noteâ€"that would also be a fitting story for this prompt. What is key is choosing the experience that was the most significant for you and has had the longest-lasting impact. Also, keep in mind that leadership is not a matter of titleâ€"you can be the associate to someone else’s vice pre sident or vice versa and still be a leader if you are helping to drive something forward. In other words, think about your actions, not about the org chart. To effectively reveal your “strengths and weaknesses,” you will need to demonstrate that you encountered challenges along the way and show how you overcame them. You cannot tell the story of your experience and then just tack on a mention of some unrelatedâ€"and thus “unproven”â€"lesson at the end. This is a common mistake, so be extra careful to avoid it. You must also reflect on the experience, because the question asks you to, but make sure the reflection you share is derived directly from the experience you describe in your essay. If you write 350â€"400 words of narrative and 100â€"150 words of related reflection, you should be on the right track. 3. (Optional) Please provide any additional insight or information that you have not addressed elsewhere that may be helpful in reviewing your application (e.g., unusual choice of evaluators, weaknesses in academic performance, unexplained job gaps or changes, etc.). Complete this question only if you feel your candidacy is not fully represented by this application. Applicants may be especially tempted to take advantage of the optional essay for Tuck this application season, given that the school is offering fewer essay opportunities, but we strongly encourage you to resist any such temptation and submit an optional essay only if your candidacy truly needs it. This is most certainly not the place to paste in a strong essay from another school or to offer an anecdote that you were unable to use in the other essays. Again, only if your profile has a noticeable gap of some kind or would provoke any lingering questions on the part of an admissions officerâ€"such as a poor grade or overall GPA, a low GMAT score, a gap in your work experience, etc.â€"should you take this opportunity to provide additional information. In our mbaMission Optional Statement Guide, available through our online store, we offer detailed advice on when and how to take advantage of the optional essay (including multiple sample essays) to help you mitigate any problem areas in your profile. 4. (To be completed by all reapplicants) How have you strengthened your candidacy since you last applied? Please reflect on how you have grown personally and professionally. Whether you have improved your academic record, received a promotion, begun a new and exciting project, increased your community involvement or taken on some sort of personal challenge, the key to success with this essay is conveying a very deliberate path of achievement. Tuck wants to know that you have been actively striving to improve yourself and your profile, and that you have seized opportunities during the previous year to do so, because a Tuck MBA is vital to you. The responses to this essay question will vary greatly from one candidate to the next, because each person’s needs and experiences differ. We are more than happy to provide one-on-one assistance with this highly personal essay to ensure that your efforts over the past year are presented in the best light possible. Share ThisTweet 2014-2015 Dartmouth College (Tuck) MBA Essay Analysis

Olaudah Equiano And Mary Rowlandson Essay - 1264 Words

Enduring through hard conditions, facing unbearable horror, and events that deteriorated their lives forever, both Mary Rowlandson and Olaudah Equiano share similar experiences they encountered in their lifetime, as well as differences, allowing us to compare the two and the hardships they faced. As Mary Rowlandson and Olaudah Equiano had variation between both of their experiences, such as gender roles and different ages and past life, they both experienced relatively the same horror nobody should have to experience ever. Many of the experiences both of them relatively sheltered included being kidnapped and held captive as slaves and merchants being sold and scarred. The horrors circumferenced by both Rowlandsons and Equiano allow us†¦show more content†¦Marys story tells of the apathy of the Indians and her stay with the tribe. As Rowlandson endures through the hardships she is forced to face and overcome, she relies solely on God. Mary Rowlandson was a thirty-nine year old Puritan mother of three when she was taken during an Indian raid on her town in 1675. From the start, Rowlandson’s life changes drastically in a matter of weeks. Rowlandson is wounded as she endures along this journey, as it makes the journey that much more difficult, and her captors give her little empathy. Rowlandsons journey is defined as she goes through her story of the apathy of the Indians and her stay with the tribe. â€Å"About two hours in the night, my sweet babe like a lamb departed this life; I must and could lie down next to my dead babe, side by side all the night after.† (QUOTE IT). In comparison to Rowlandson, Olaudah Equiano was an eleven year old African boy taken from his home by slave traders. As Rowlandson had a strong relationship with her children, Equiano had a strong relationship with his mother. E quiano’s mother favored him, he being the youngest child, and was preparing him to later become a warrior. Rowlandson being enslaved was very unusual because white women were never the ones being enslaved, however on theShow MoreRelatedMary Rowlandson And Olaudah Equiano Essay1140 Words   |  5 Pagesabout captivity have often intrigued readers in Western culture. Mary Rowlandson and Olaudah Equiano’s stories helped pave the way for stereotypes within both European and white culture; teaching Europeans to see Native Americans as cruel and allowing whites to see the evil in the American slave market. In both â€Å"A Narrative of the Captivity† and â€Å"The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano,† Mary Rowlandson and Olaudah Equiano share their individual stories of being kidnapped and enslavedRead More Compare Contrast Mary Rowlandson and Olaudah Equiano Essay1667 Words   |  7 Pagesmake up a piece of literature. For example: choice of diction, modes of discourse, and figurative language. Mary Rowlandson and Olaudah Equiano were great examples of au thors that used these elements of literature. There are similarities and differences in A Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson and From Africa to America. Though Mary Rowlandson and Olaudah Equiano shared similarities in experiences, they had different writing personalities, purposes, attitudes, tones,Read MoreMary Rowlandson Essay1960 Words   |  8 Pagesthe Native Americans, Mary Rowlandson, is a perfect example of how she felt threatened by them during this time, â€Å"I had often before this said that if the Indians should come, I should choose rather to be killed by them than taken alive, but when it came to the trial my mind changed; their glittering weapons so daunted my spirit, that I chose rather to go along with those (as I may say) ravenous beasts than that moment to end my days.† (Rowlandson, 129-130) Here, Rowlandson is frightened by the NativeRead MoreBrief Survey of American Literature3339 Words   |  14 PagesPreparatory Medit ations (1682-1725, pub. 1939, 1960) - Mary Rowlandson (1636-1711), A Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson (1682) American Literature 1700-1820 From Colonies to Nation Jonathan Edwards (1703-1758), whose passionate sermons helped revive religious fervor during the â€Å"Great Awakening†Ã¯ ¼Ë†Ã¥ ¤ §Ã¨ §â€°Ã©â€ â€™Ã¨ ¿ Ã¥Å  ¨, 1730s-1740s) Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790) Thomas Paine (1737-1809) Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826) Olaudah Equiano (1745?-1797) Philip Freneau (1752-1832) PhillisRead MoreThe History of American Literature3501 Words   |  15 Pagessermons and other religious writings dominated literature in America in the 1600s. John Cotton, Thomas Hooker, Roger Williams, and John Winthrop were among the most prominent religious writers. A Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration of Mary Rowlandson (1682). This work is a firsthand account by a colonist who was taken captive by Indians during King Philips War. It presents a dramatic tale of suffering and of Rowlandsons efforts to make sense of that suffering. Her story became the model

Should My Homeschooler Take the SAT or ACT

Youve almost made it through homeschooling high. Youve got your students transcript. The course descriptions are  written and the credit hours figured. You are ready to issue your teen a  homeschool diploma. But what about college admissions? Your  homeschooler is  prepared for college, but how does he get there? Should your student  take the  SAT or ACT.   What Are the ACT and SAT? Both the ACT and SAT are nationally standardized tests used to assess a students readiness for college admission. Interestingly, while both ACT and SAT were originally acronyms (American College Testing and Scholastic Achievement Test, respectively) both are now recognized brand names with no official meaning.   Both tests measure students’ aptitude for math, reading, and writing. The ACT measures general knowledge and college readiness and includes a science section. The SAT measures basic knowledge and critical thinking skills. The ACT has a section devoted specifically to science, while the SAT does not. The ACT also focuses more heavily on geometry than the SAT. Neither test penalizes for wrong answers and both include an optional essay portion. The SAT takes slightly longer to complete than the ACT because it offers more time to complete each section. Should Homeschoolers Take the SAT or ACT? Will your teen be attending college? Most colleges and universities require ACT or SAT results for admission. Some colleges and universities are becoming â€Å"test optional† or â€Å"test flexible.† However, even for schools who dont weigh test scores  as heavily, they may still play a role in the admissions process. In the past, some schools preferred or required one test over the other. Today, all four-year colleges in the United States will accept either test, but its still recommended to read the admissions policies for schools to which your student will be applying.   Its also important to find out if potential schools require (or prefer) that students complete the optional essay portions  of the test.   Community or technical colleges accept scores from either the ACT or SAT, but they may also offer their own entrance exams. Some students find these exams less stressful and easier to schedule. Finally, the ACT or SAT may be necessary for teens entering the military. Schools such as West Point and the U.S. Naval Academy require scores from either test. A four-year ROTC scholarship from the Army also requires a minimum score on either of the two. Benefits of Taking the SAT or ACT A nationally standardized test can help a college-bound homeschool student objectively assess college readiness. If the exam reveals weak areas, students can focus on improving those trouble spots. Then, they can retest before applying for college admission to avoid taking non-credit remedial classes. Academically strong students may wish to take the Preliminary SAT/Nation Merit Scholarship  Qualifying Test (PSAT/NMSQT) in  10th or 11th grade. Doing so will allow them to compete for scholarships.  Homeschoolers can take the PSAT/NMSQT  by registering with a local school offering the test.   Even if your teen is not attending college, there are benefits to taking the ACT or SAT.   First, test scores can help homeschool graduates combat the  Ã¢â‚¬Å"mommy grade† stigma. Potential employers may question the validity of a homeschool diploma, but they can’t challenge a standardized test score. If a student can achieve scores comparable to his traditionally-schooled counterparts, it stands to reason that his education was equivalent, as well. Second, the ACT and SAT satisfy state testing requirements. Many states require that homeschooled students take nationally standardized tests annually or at regularly-occurring intervals. The SAT and ACT meet those requirements. SAT or ACT - Does It Matter Which? If potential colleges and universities dont indicate a preference, choosing the SAT or ACT is a  personal choice. Lee Binz, author of several college prop books for homeschoolers and owner of the blog The HomeScholar, says that studies have shown that girls do better on the ACT and boys do better on the SAT – but statistics aren’t 100% accurate. Your student can  take practice tests for both exams to determine if he performs better or feels more confident on one. He may even wish to complete both exams and submit scores from the one on which he scores best. Your student may choose which test to take  based on the convenience of testing locations and dates.  If he isn’t planning to attend college or is attending one for which admissions aren’t highly competitive, either exam will work. The ACT is offered four to six times throughout the year. Homeschool students can register on the ACT testing site and follow the directions for downloading the necessary documents for testing day. The homeschool high school code for the ACT is 969999. Homeschooled students can also register online for the SAT. The SAT is offered seven times a year in the United States. Testing dates are available in October, November, December, January, March/April, May, and June. The universal SAT homeschool high school code is 970000. How to Prepare for the SAT or ACT Once your student decides which test to take, he needs to begin preparing. Prep courses There are many options for prep courses for both tests. Books and study guides are available at most major bookstores. There are online prep classes and study groups available for  both  the ACT and SAT.  Your student may also be able to find  in-person test prep classes. Check with your local or state-wide homeschool support group for these. Study Students should set up a regular study schedule in the weeks leading up to the test. They should use this time to work through study guides and practice tests and familiarize themselves with helpful test-taking strategies.   Practice tests Students also need to take practice tests. These are available from both testing sites. Both offer free sample questions and study guides. The more familiar your student is with the process, the more confident he will be on testing day.

Marriage Inequality in America Spotlighting Equal Rights...

American nationalism can be described in the foundational terms of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness; however, these fundamental ideas are impacted across every state when equal rights intersect with the complex issue of marriage rights. Thomas Jefferson once said, â€Å"I never will, by any word or act, bow to the shrine of intolerance or admit a right of inquiry into the religious opinions of others† (Jefferson, 1900). When approaching the various stances on marriage, civil unions, and equal rights in regards to the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender (LGBT) community it is fundamentally important to follow Jefferson’s cue and approach the varied perspectives with an open mind. With the average person’s opinion on marriage†¦show more content†¦With this stance they propose that by defining marriage as only legal when it is one man and one woman that basic human rights are being taken away from Americans. Additionally, they argue that this is a direct violation of the Declaration of Independence, which states, â€Å"We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.† Where the Republican Party makes a very concise and closed definition of marriage and the Democratic Party pleads for a buffet option; however, with equal rights being such a spotlighted issue there are also stances in the middle of the liberal and conservative arguments. Another largely agreed upon opinion is that the Federal and State governments have no right to define or intervene in marriage and who can and cannot get married because marriage is a religious practice. Following the belief of separation of church and state, those that take this stance have a variety of opinions on how this hot button issue should be handled. Most will say that every definition needs to be thrown out and that for legal or insurance purposes anyone who is married, regardless of orientation, should have their relationship defined as a Civil Union by the government. Additionally, some will even go as far as to say those who areShow MoreRelatedThe Resistance Movement of Queer People of Color Essay2865 Words   |  12 Pagestogether into a single minority category, these individuals actually embrace multiple racial and sexual identities. However, they suffer from oppression for being a part of both the ethnic minority and queer communities. As a result, members are abused, harassed, and deprived of equal civil rights in social and economic conditions (Gossett). In response to the multiple levels of discrimination they face in today’s society, queer people of color have turned to the establishment and active participation

Budget Project Adopting Automated Workflow â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Budget Project Adopting Automated Workflow? Answer: Introducation The Pico PCs Manufacturing Company is used for the case study in the following essay. The main business of the company is the development of very small scale microprocessors. The sole requirements of the developments of the micro-chips require the development of 64 gold wires which are very much finer in dimensions as compared to the human hair (Case Study 11 Pico PCs Manufacturing Company, 2017). These have to be soldered in the pins of the microprocessor for their working. Consequences The major consequences of the decisions taken by the CEO are supposed to create a vast impact on the health of the workers. It also includes permanent blindness and eye defects on the workers. Moreover, the decision taken by the CEO for outsourcing their operations to the Pacific islands will also damage the social and physical well-being. This in turn will violate the global health ethics of the World Health Organization (WHO) (World Health Organization, 2017). Analysis of the actions This section discusses about the actions that is being considered and the ethical and legal aspects of them. Issues relating to the ACS Code of Ethics: The Pico PCs Manufacturing Company does not comprehend the ACS Code of Ethics which can be seen from the motives of the CEO. The company has violated the second, third and fifth values in the code of ethics (ACS Code of Ethics, 2017). 1) According to the second value of the code, enhancement of quality life is to be followed by the CEO. This value requires businesses to enhance the quality of the people surrounding the workplace. 2) The third value in the code represents honesty in businesses. As the main considerations of the CEO is to increase the profits made from the Pacific islands, the honesty in business is neglected by the rejection of the health related problems of such actions. 3) The fifth value of the Code of Ethics depicts the professional developments. The company has clearly neglected their own as well as the professional development of the workers. Issues relating to the ACS Code of Professional Conduct: The violation of the various clauses of the Code of Professional Conduct is depicted in this section (ACS Code of Professional Conduct, 2017). The CEO of the company needs to reconsider their thoughts. According to the clause 1.2.1.a, the company has violated the interests of the stakeholders by not thinking about the physical health of the workers in the Pacific islands. In accordance to the clause 1.2.2.b, the company has made a violation in not considering the protection of the workers around them. The clause 1.2.3.c depicts that business must distinguish between the professional and personal choices. This in turn is a violation in the companys activities. With respect to 1.2.4.c, the company has violated this act by not considering the global health standards of the WHO. Lastly, in accordance to the clause 1.2.4.g, business must consider the advices of the professional people. The CEO has clearly violated the expertise solutions of the doctors who have advised regarding the health implications of the project. Recommendations and decisions Mr. Kushlani is advised to not comply with the considerations made by the CEO of the company. Moreover, the company is advised to increase the budget of the project for adopting automated workflow. In addition, the company is also recommended to increase their sales to make up for the expenditures for robotic workforces. References: ACS Code of Ethics. (2017). [ebook] AUSTRALIAN COMPUTER SOCIETY. Available at: https://www.acs.org.au/content/dam/acs/acs-documents/Code-of-Ethics.pdf [Accessed 27 Sep. 2017]. ACS Code of Professional Conduct. (2017). [ebook] Professional Standards Board Australian Computer Society. Available at: https://www.acs.org.au/content/dam/acs/acs-documents/ACS%20Code-of-Professional-Conduct_v2.1.pdf [Accessed 27 Sep. 2017]. Case Study 11 Pico PCs Manufacturing Company. (2017). [ebook] AUSTRALIAN COMPUTER SOCIETY. Available at: https://1712973_871073256_PEAssSetAa%20(1).pdf [Accessed 27 Sep. 2017]. World Health Organization. (2017).Global Health Ethics. [online] Available at: https://www.who.int/ethics/en/ [Accessed 27 Sep. 2017].

Two Sided Fallacy Essays - English-language Films,

Two Sided Fallacy Jud Van Matre Eng 12 Honors Period 2 November 3, 2000 The Two-Faced Citizen The focal point of this essay is to define the life of Dr. Henry Jekyll, and the transformation he went through in becoming Edward Hyde. Dr. Henry Jekyll is a physician in London. He is very well respected and is currently experimenting the dual nature of man kind. Edward Hyde is a manifestation of Dr. Jekyll's personality. He is accused of committing evil acts throughout the novel. The first scene consists of Mr. Richard Enfield's and Mr. Utterson walking along a street in London. Mr. Enfield has a recollection of a previous incident in which he witnessed an extremely unpleasant man trampling upon a small screaming girl while this man was running somewhere. A large crowd had gathered around and they saw the man, Edward Hyde. The crowd forced the man to give money to this girl for trampling over her. Hyde did not run over her for any reason. He just did it out of spite and evil. He represents all the evil in the world. The reaction of others to him is one of horror because while looking at him, others feel a desire to strike out at him and kill him. His physical appearance brings out the worst evil in other people. Since Hyde represents evil, he is symbolically represented as being much smaller than Dr. Jekyll. I believe Dr. Jekyll created Hyde because he had a theory that man has a good side and a bad side. While investigating this, he developed a potion that could release the evil in a person in the form of a totally different person. Then this person could commit any evil act it wanted, and then drink the potion to return back to normal. The only problem with this is the fact that he drank this potion so many times, he was no longer able to control this process. He was unable to transform back into Dr. Jekyll. Another example of Hyde's evil is in the killing of Sir Danvers Carew. Sir Danvers appears to have been killed for no apparent reason. The murder of Sir Danvers was seen by a maid who was working nearby. She states that Hyde meet with a man in the street. After the two exchanged words, Mr. Hyde lifted his heavy walking stick and clubbed the old man to death. This tells us the reader that Mr. Hyde has grown in fury. From trampling over a child in the first scene, he now commits murd er for no reason. I believe Hyde killed Sir Danvers because Sir Danvers was described as being a peaceful and good man. Hyde represents pure evil, so naturally he would hate good gentlemen. The only reason why Sir Danvers dies, was because he was a good man. He not only killed Sir Danvers', he had to trample over him. The goodness of Sir Danvers brings out the most intense evil in Hyde. From the source Selves and Shadows we receive an indepth look into the novel. David Hume asks the question, Would any man, who is walking along, tread as willingly on another's gouty toes, whom he has no quarrel with, as on the hard flint and pavement? Well, here is that man, and his total blindness to any feeling but his own is central to his character. As Jekyll puts it, when he is eventually driven to attempt a choice between his two lives. It is very obvious that no man would want to start a fight, if there is no reason to fight. Since Mr. Hyde represents the evil in men, Dr. Jekyll releases his evil through his other side, Mr. Hyde. Mr. Hyde is Jekyll's way of releasing his anger. In the final chapter called, Jekyll's Full Statement Jekyll reveals everything. He states, No one but me knows my true nature. All these years, the public has seen only a veneer of my real self. This is so very true due mostly to the fact that no one knew Mr. Hyde was a part of Dr. Jekyll. Jekyll constantly emphasizes the greatness of his background. He reminds us of his wealthy family, and great education. But he

Pachyrhinosaurus Facts and Figures

Pachyrhinosaurus Facts and Figures Name: Pachyrhinosaurus (Greek for thick-nosed lizard); pronounced PACK-ee-RYE-no-SORE-us Habitat: Woodlands of western North America Historical Period: Late Cretaceous (70 million years ago) Size and Weight: About 20 feet long and 2-3 tons Diet: Plants Distinguishing Characteristics: Thick bump on nose instead of nasal horn; two horns on top of frill About Pachyrhinosaurus Its name notwithstanding, Pachyrhinosaurus (Greek for thick-nosed lizard) was an entirely different creature from the modern rhinoceros, though these two plant-eaters do have a few things in common. Paleontologists believe Pachyrhinosaurus males used their thick noses to butt one another for dominance in the herd and the right to mate with females, much like modern-day rhinos, and both animals were approximately the same length and weight (though Pachyrhinosaurus may have outweighed its modern counterpart by a ton or two). Thats where the similarities end, though. Pachyrhinosaurus was a ceratopsian, the family of horned, frilled dinosaurs (the most famous examples of which were Triceratops and Pentaceratops) that populated North America during the late Cretaceous period, only a few million years before the dinosaurs went extinct. Oddly enough, unlike the case with most other ceratopsians, the two horns of Pachyrhinosaurus were set on top of its frill, not on its snout, and it had a fleshy mass, the nasal boss, in place of the nasal horn found in most other ceratopsians. (By the way, Pachyrhinosaurus may turn out to be the same dinosaur as the contemporary Achelousaurus.) Somewhat confusingly, Pachyrhinosaurus is represented by three separate species, which differ somewhat in their cranial ornamentation, especially the shape of their unflattering-looking nasal bosses. The boss of the type species, P. canadensis, was flat and rounded (unlike that of P. lakustai and P. perotorum), and P. canadensis also had two flattened, forward-facing horns on top of its frill. If youre not a paleontologist, though, all three of these species look pretty much identical! Thanks to its numerous fossil specimens (including over a dozen partial skulls from Canadas Alberta province), Pachyrhinosaurus is quickly climbing the most popular ceratopsian rankings, though the odds are slim that it will ever overtake Triceratops. This dinosaur got a big boost from its starring role in Walking with Dinosaurs: The 3D Movie, released in December 2013, and it has featured prominently in the Disney movie Dinosaur and the History Channel TV series Jurassic Fight Club.

Leadership style or skills and Nursing Faculty Research Paper

Leadership style or skills and Nursing Faculty - Research Paper Example Likewise, the local colleges and universities are also being challenged on how they can effectively increase the overall quality of As a common knowledge, the use of poor leadership style will increase the risk of high employee turnover rate. Instead of being able to encourage more registered nurses to become a nurse educator, having an ineffective leadership skill will not only discourage our future registered nurses to start a career in nursing education but also lead to the development of a poor nursing educational programmes. For this reason, it is very important for all nurses to fully understand all factors that will contribute to an effective leadership style. By doing so, our future nurses will be able to help reduce the shortage of nursing faculty staff (Royal College of Nurisng, 2010, p. 10). The common challenges that most of our nursing faculty leaders are experiencing include recruitment and retention of highly competitive nursing educators (Laschinger et al., 2009). It is important to provide the faculty members with opportunity to participate in a leadership training programme. Failure to do so can make the nursing faculty leaders more dissatisfied and burnt-out with their overall job requirements (Laschinger et al., 2009). By continuously improving the effectiveness of nursing faculty staff recruitment strategies, the leaders of nursing faculty can gradually improve its employee retention rate. To do so, several studies strongly suggest that the leaders of nursing faculty should focus on identifying ways on how they can help them create a healthy and attractive work environment for all registered nurses who wish to pursue a career in teaching (Weberg, 2010). To create a healthy and attractive work environment, the leaders of nursing faculty should be able to improve their leadership skill (Casida and Parker, 2011). Through the use of effective leadership style, the leaders of nursing faculty can easily increase the overall job satisfaction

Terms of contract Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Terms of contract - Essay Example This is one of the expressed terms of the agreement. The terms of any contract define the obligations and promises in the contract. A party who fails to abide by the agreed terms of a contract is said to have breached the contract. Thus, if a term is breached the innocent party will invariably have a remedy for breach. However, it is necessary to classify terms because of the way the law deals with any breach not fulfilling the specified requirements of a particular term. Any term which is important or goes to the root of the contract is called a condition, see Poussard v Spiers.1 Less important terms which does not go to the root of the contract is called warranties, Bettini v Gye.2 The consequential difference of the distinction is that a breach of condition gives rise to the possibility of repudiating the contract and claiming damages, although the injured party can carry on with the contract and claim damages rather than getting out of the contract altogether, whereas, a breach o f warranty gives the right to claim damages only. In the present case the intention of the parties as to the use of Welsh plate is not clearly shown or expressed as a condition or warranty by the parties. ... tted that the court is likely to find here that the Church has not been deprived substantially of the whole benefit because although welsh slate was not used the finished look was the same as the original 15th century roof and just as durable. See, Investors Compensation Scheme Ltd v West Bromwich Building Society4, here Lord Hoffmann set out five principles on the interpretation of contractual documents. I advise the Church to claim damages. Second, with regard to the Issue of half replacement of the benches by Fixit, it might be possible for the Church to repudiate the contract with Fixit. In that if an obligation is entire (replace all the Benches) then it must be completely performed or the other party will be entitled to refuse to perform his side of the contract.5 Fixit could argue that the contract is divisible and as such be paid on quantum merit. However, the Court of Appeal in Darkin v Lee6 stated that there is a material difference between work that was abandoned and work which was completed badly. It was stated in the case that where a builder has supplied work and labour for the creation or repair of a house under a lump sum contract, but has departed from the terms of the contract, he is entitled to recover for his services, unless (1) the work that he has done has been of no benefit to the owner; (2) the work that he has done is entirely different from the work which he has contracted to do; or (3) he has abandoned the work and left it unfinished. It follows therefore that Fixit abandoned the work for another more lucrative work, and as such will not be able to recover anything and may further be liable for any necessarily incurred expenses and damages as a result. As Fixit has expressly or impliedly let the Reverend know before the time of completion is

A View from the bridge Essay Example for Free

A View from the bridge Essay The play is set in the Red Hook district of New York where a Sicilian community has set up, and where respect is everything. The play is set in the 1940s, in the great depression.  Eddie Carbone is the main character of the play, and one of Arthur Millers main concerns with him is his psychological state of mind. The play concentrates from the first word to the last full stop on the way Eddie clashes with his emotions, as his niece, Catherine, matures into a young woman and constructs a serious relation ship with an illegal immigrant who is staying with them. Arthur Miller was born on October 17th, 1915, in New York. Both of his parents were immigrants, but the family was quiet wealthy because of his fathers successful clothing business, until it was declared bankrupt following the crash at the stock exchange.  Miller then went to work as a warehouseman to earn money to go to the university of Michigan in 1934.  Miller whilst studding, Economics and History also took a course in playwriting and then became his main fixation. After his graduation in 1938, he became a journalist and wrote radio scripts. During World war two Miller worked as a ship fitter for two years, in Brooklyn Navy Ship yard, where almost all the workers were of Italian descendant.  His first stage play to be produced, The Man Who Had All the Luck, was a total failure when it was staged on Broadway in 1944. But in 1947 All My sons was an immense success. This was followed by another great success two years later, Death of a Salesman, this play was such a success it won the Pulitzer Prize. In 1953 he wrote The Crucible, which he wrote as his reaction to the hounding down on left wing sympathizers, which was the current trend in the United States of America, he himself was summoned. A view from the bridge was his next play. It was first produced as a one-act play in 1955, but an extended and modified in 1956 and then was presented at the Comedy Theatre in London.  Also in 1956 he divorced his first wife and married his second wife Marilyn Monroe, which in turn boosted his celebrity status. But this marriage was short lived and a divorce was settled in 1961.  Miller has continued to produce a number of successful plays and has written an autobiography Timebends in 1987.  The play A View from the bridge was thought up by Arthur Miller in the late 1940s, when he became engrossed in the lives and work of longshoremen in New Yorks Brooklyn harbour, and where he had previously worked. A lawyer friend of Millers told him a story he had heard of a longshoreman who had informed the Immigration board on two of his own relatives who were staying with him, he did this to break up an engagement between one of them and his niece.  The story ended inevitably in tragedy with the mans death.  Eddie is portrayed as an honest, hardworking man, however soon into the play his character changes,  and from the very few lines of the play the main character Eddie is trying to protect his niece Catherine from other men and save her for himself:  Catherine: But those guys look at all the girls, you know that. Eddie: You aint all the girls.  This clearly shows that Catherine is very special to Eddie and he will do any thing to protect her.  The further on into the play you go the more it becomes apparent that Eddie is emotionally unstable and is not ready to deal with his inner emotions, he turns out quiet nasty and an overall angry person towards life:  I aint starting nothing, but I aint goanna stand around looking at that  This aggression is directed at his wife Beatrice and a relative named Rodolpho who at this time has started dating his beloved niece.  The further on in the play Eddie starts to show his anger in other ways, mainly by insulting and talking about Rodolpho behind his back:

The Round, Flat, and Stock Characters of Rip Van Winkle :: Rip Van Winkle Essays

One particular criterion character effectively supports the central idea in â€Å"Rip Van Winkle† by Washington Irving. The character's type develops with the personality development throughout the story. Three types of characters: round, flat, and stock, appear in most stories. The round character displays a fully developed personality and full emotions. Flat characters, also known as supporting characters, do not develop fully or express complex emotions. A stock character, also known as a stereotype, fits an established characterization from real life or literature. With these three types of characters leading the reader through the story, the reader learns the events taking place as well as the changes in the character’s lives. The author keeps the reader informed of the changes affecting the characters throughout the narrative through style. When a character undergoes a fundamental change in nature or personality during the story, the character has dynamic style. H owever, a character without change defines a static character. Although all characters have a style and type sometimes understanding the differences appears complicated. A chart often helps establish a better understanding of character type and style.    The author uses one main character, at most, two; only the protagonist and the antagonist exist as major characters. â€Å"Rip Van Winkle†, Washington Irving uses one main character to play both the role of the protagonist and the antagonist. In paragraph three lines, six and seven, the reader meets the protagonist. â€Å"†¦a simple good-natured fellow of the name of Rip Van Winkle† In paragraphs five and nine, lines one and two, and one and four, respectively, the reader encounters the antagonist. â€Å"The great error in Rip’s composition was an insuperable aversion for all kinds of labor.† â€Å"†¦Rip would rather starve on a penny than work for a pound.† Even though, in both cases where the reader encounters Rip Van Winkle, Rip only counts as one main character. Characterization occurs when the author draws an overall picture of the characters. Characterization happens in two ways in literature, by description and personality. The auth or uses the words a story to describe a character or imply the appearance of the characters through the text of the story. Introducing the personality of the character to the reader in words give or describe the personality of the characters or the words used imply certain things about the character. The protagonist in â€Å"Rip Van Winkle† the reader first meets in paragraph three, lines seven and eight, â€Å"†¦ a simple good-natured fellow of the name of Rip Van Winkle.

Marie Curie

She discovered the mysterious element radium. It opened the door to deep changes In the e way scientists think about matter and energy. She also led the way to a new era for medical Knowles edge and the treatment of diseases-Curie became the first woman to win a Nobel Prize and the only y woman to win the award In two different fields (physics and chemistry).Curie's efforts, with her hush band Pierre Curie, deed to the discovery of polonium and radium and, after Pierce's death, the developed NT of Grays. She was fascinated with the work of Henry Becquerel, a French physicals who discovered t hat uranium casts off rays, weaker rays than the grays found by Wilhelm Roentgen. Curie took Becquerel's work a few steps further, conducting her own experiments on uranium rays. She discovered that the rays remained constant, no matter the condition or form of the our annum.The rays, he theorized, came from the element's atomic structure. This revolutionary idea cream Ted the field of atomic phy sics and Curie herself coined the word radioactivity to describe the phone mean. Working with the mineral pitchblende, the pair discovered a new radioactive element in 1898. They named the element polonium. They also detected the presence of another radioactive material I n the pitchblende, and called that radium.In 1902, the Curies announced that they had produced a decide ram of pure radium, demonstrating its existence as a unique chemical element. With their Nobel Prize win, the Curies developed an international reputation for their scientific efforts, and they used their prize money to continue their research. Curie received another great honor In 1911, winning her sec nod Nobel Prize, this time In chemistry. She was selected for her discovery of radium and polonium, a ND became the first scientist to win two Nobel Prizes.

Examining the principles of the net present value - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 1965 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Narrative essay Did you like this example? In this essay I would be elaborating on the principles of the Net Present Value and its advantages. Also writing about Internal Rate of Returns and comparing the two methods and analyzing it. When making and investment with regards to capital fixed assets such as plant and equipment the decisions are important given the significance of the capital outlay involved. In this essay we will be talking about two of the main methods which involves discounted cash flow methods Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Examining the principles of the net present value" essay for you Create order Net present value method ( NPV) Internal rate of return (IRR) However when it comes to these two methods the cash flow and the time value of money place a very important role Cash flow Cash flow is essentially the movement of money into and out of your business; its the cycle of cash inflows and cash outflows that determine your business solvency[1]when it comes to decision making you take into consideration the incremental cash flow ( cash flows that occurs directly as a consequence of taking on the project). This will depend on the prospect of the investment. Example Opportunity cost, Taxes, depreciation Time value of money Its the amount of interest receive for a given amount of money over the amount of time. Invest look for the best return that they could get in the fastest time as possible, therefore when making an investment this concept is very important, Net Present Value NPV is the method of discounting future streams of income using an expected rate of return to evaluate the current value of expected earnings. It calculates future value in todays money. NPV may be used to determine the current value of a business being offered for sale or capitalized.[2] NPV in project finance could be defined as the sum of present values (PVs) of cash flows expected from the project minus initial investment made. The formula for calculating NPV could be written as: frac{R_t}{(1+i)^{t}} Rt -net cash flow occurs at the end of each period 1 i Discount rate used to Discount the cash flow (DCF) t- Time period of the project There are two kinds of NPV Project NPV The cash flow used to calculate the NPV would be the future operational cash flows of the project less initial project capital costs Equity NPV The cash flow used to calculate the NPV would be the equity distributions minus initial equity investment However finance models are often presented in more detailed during construction period as opposed to during operations. For example we often find many project finance models have monthly calculations during construction and perhaps semi-annual / annual during operations. We might want to use XNPV instead of NPV, as returns the net present value for a schedule of cash flows that is not necessarily periodic. Discounted Factor in NPV A discounted cash flow (DCF) is the most fundamentally correct way of valuing an investment.[3] There are some basic information that should be needed for this valuating approach; Life of the Asset The Cash flow during the time period of the Asset The discount rate ( ex : the rate of interest) to apply to these cash flows to get the present value The rate used to discount future cash flows to their present values is an important variable when it comes to finance and calculating NPV, some of the important once are ;  Ãƒâ€¦Ã‚ ¸Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Weighted average cost of capital (WACC)  Ãƒâ€¦Ã‚ ¸Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Reinvestment rate  Ãƒâ€¦Ã‚ ¸Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Target rate of return WACC A calculation of a firms cost of capital in which each category of capital is proportionately Weighted[4], Common stock, bonds, preferred stock and other long term liabilities are included. When finding WACC as an increase in WACC notes a decrease in valuation and a higher risk. However some may say its appropriate use higher discount rates to adjust for risk of Riskier projects. The WACC equation  is the cost of each capital component  multiplied by its proportional weight and then summing[5] Weighted Average Cost Of Capital (WACC) Where: Re = cost of equity Rd = cost of debt E = market value of the firms equity D =  market value of the firms debt V = E + D E/V = percentage of financing that is equity D/V = percentage of financing that is debt Tc =  corporate tax rate a companys assets are financed by either debt or equity. WACC is the average of the costs of these financing sources, By taking a weighted average we can identify how much interest the company has to pay for every amount it finances. This is the overall required return on the firm as a whole and determines economic feasibility of an expansion opportunities and mergers. It is a good discount rate to use for cash flows with risk that is similar to that of the firm. Reinvestment rate This can be defined as the rate of investment from a firm on average, when analyzing projects in a capital constrained environment its more appropriate to use Reinvestment rate than WACC as the discounting rate. This is often calculated by considering the return on an alternative investment that can be made if the current project is not taken. Target Rate of Return A method of pricing that estimates the desired return on investment to be achieved from the fixed and working capital investment and includes that return in the price of a product/service[6]this is used my monopolists or market leader The general outcome of the NPV is without paying taxes the maximum amount that a firm could pay for the opportunity of keeping the investment without making a deficit. NPV = Present Value Benefits Present Value Cost This could be easily modelled in a one shot occurrence project, however when it comes to mutually exclusive projects with unequal lives the theory may have to be altered. Mutually exclusive projects with unequal lives When comparing two mutually exclusive alternatives with significant different lives, The Net Present Value does not give the correct answer, therefore adjustments to the model is important. First thing when dealing with projects of this nature we need to find out if the project can be repeated and if so we must take this into accounts when estimating the projects profitability. The example that I have taken is from Greg MacKinnon, Sobey School of Business, Saint Marys University. In his example he has two brands of the same machine where Brand A costs more but lasts longer than Brand B. Example: Machine A costs $10,000 and increases profits by $5000 per year. The machine lasts for six years (at which time it breaks down and is no longer usable). Machine B costs $5500 and increases profits by $5000 per year. This machine is expected to last for 3 years. Assume that the discount rate is 10%. 7 According to the above calculations Machine A has the best Net Present Value and therefore ideally the best option would be to choose machine A. If this project had no repetition and was a one shot deal Machine A would be the correct option, however machines have to be replaced due to wear and tear and depreciation. To overcome this matter and to make the best deal there are two methods to compare these alternatives Matching Cycles or Replacement Chain ( Common life) Approach This is method of comparing projects of unequal lives that assumes that each project can be repeated as many times as necessary to reach a common life span; the NPVs over this life span are then compared, and the project with the higher common life NPV is chosen. find a common multiple of the two life lengths use this as the total project length for both alternatives, where each alternative is repeated the necessary number of times calculate NPV for both over this common time frame and choose the best alternative[8] if we take the previous example of Machine A and B six years is a common multiple of its lives. For Machine A, NPVA=11776.31 over six years. For Machine B, the cash flows over six years are: Year: 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 -5500 5000 5000 5000 -5500 5000 5000 5000 these cash flows are equivalent to: Year: 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 6934.26 6934.26 9 With the comparisons made with the matching cycles method Machine B is better than Machine A. 2) Equivalent Annual Cost (EAC) or Uniform Annuity Series (UAS) A method which calculates the annual payments a project would provide if it were an annuity.[10]When comparing a project of unequal lives the one with the higher annuity rate should be chosen EAC and UAS are the same. One term (EAC) is used when referring to problems of minimizing costs and the other term (UAS) is used when referring to problems of maximizing returns.[11] We know that Net Present Value of Machine A is 11776.31 and it lasts for six years. Therefore we are setting this model for six years annuity. 12 What this means is that the amount that you will receive per annum through the investment of Machine A will be 2703.93. Similarly a three year annuity for Machine B 13 Both methods would give the same decision as to which Machine is the better option to choose. These methods are valid only if it is reasonable to assume that the machines will be replaced as they wear out and tear. Internal Rate of Return (IRR) IRR is the rate at which the project NPV equals 0. It also provides the expected return rate of the project, assuming certain conditions are met.[14]Higher the rate of return more the investment looks promising. If all other factors are equal when comparing a project since Internal Rate of Return is a rate of quantity it indicates the efficiency, quality or the yield of an investment this is contrast to the NPV where it looks at the value or magnitude of the company. There are three ways of determining a project using IRR Graphically Using table of annuity factors Trial Error ( the most common one) When calculating IRR the most important thing is that all details should be equivalent to one particular period Calculating IRR Using Tables of Annuity Example A company is investing in a new machine costing 104,320. The current annual cash flow of the company is 20,000 per year in operating cost over the machine life of 10years. What is the IRR of the project? To find this we need to get the factor of IRR, afterwards we check it using the annuity table to find out the percentage Factor of IRR = 5.216 = The factor of 5.216 corresponds to the rate of return of 14% Trial and Error Method Take a discount rate and check the NPV. If its a positive answer recalculate at a higher rate till you get a negative NPV and then interpolate the two rates. Comparisons of NPV and IRR When it comes to mutually exclusive projects using IRR would not be the best method because it could rank it incorrectly. IRR NPV Project A 24% 1540 Project B 18% 1730 According to IRR method you should choose Project A but Project B has a higher NPV. Calculating IRR is hard since it may involve solving of a polynomial. More often than not the Trial Error method is use for calculation. IRR believes internal Cash flows are reinvested at the same rate, therefore it should not be used to compare projects of different durations, NPV assumes more realistic that they are reinvested according do debt and equity. Projects with mixtures of positive and negative cash flows can result in multiple IRRs, therefore its hard to find out which one is right or wrong Despite the positivity of NPV, executives prefer IRR because of its easier to compare in percentages than in currencies.